Scoring Methodology

How we evaluate and compare dynasty trust jurisdictions

Data last updated: 2025-12-21

Why We Built This (The Honest Version)

Every trust jurisdiction comparison we found online was written by a trust company or law firm in that state. Shocking no one, South Dakota firms say South Dakota is best. Nevada firms say Nevada is best. Delaware firms... you get it.

We wanted something that would give you an honest answer based on your situation, not based on who's paying for the content. So we built it.

The uncomfortable truth: after running hundreds of scenarios through our own tool, South Dakota wins about 80% of the time. But that other 20% matters—if you have international beneficiaries, specific asset protection needs, or unusual trust structures, jurisdiction choice actually changes outcomes. That's who we built this for.

How It Works

We evaluate 6 trust jurisdictions across 5 criteria. Each gets a score from 0-100 based on what the state statutes actually say—not what their marketing materials claim.

When you use our comparison tool, your answers adjust how much each criterion matters. If you care most about asset protection, we weight that heavily. If tax savings are your priority, we shift accordingly. Simple.

Evaluation Criteria

Dynasty Duration

How long can a trust last in this jurisdiction? States that have abolished the Rule Against Perpetuities allow trusts to continue indefinitely, maximizing multigenerational wealth transfer.

Scoring Logic

Perpetual = 100, 1000 years = 95, 365 years = 85, 360 years = 84, Modified RAP = 50, Standard RAP (90 years) = 30

State Income Tax

Does the state impose income tax on trust income? States with no income tax or favorable trust taxation rules can significantly reduce the tax burden on trust earnings.

Scoring Logic

No state income tax = 100, No tax with conditions (e.g., no in-state beneficiaries) = 85, Low tax rate = 60, Standard tax = 30

Asset Protection

How strong are the state's Domestic Asset Protection Trust (DAPT) laws? Key factors include statute of limitations for fraudulent transfer claims, exception creditors, and judicial history.

Scoring Logic

Based on: DAPT statute strength, statute of limitations (shorter = better), exception creditors (fewer = better), trustee requirements, judicial precedent

Directed Trust & Trust Protector

Does the state have robust statutes for directed trusts (separating investment and distribution duties) and trust protectors? These structures provide flexibility and professional management.

Scoring Logic

Comprehensive directed trust + trust protector statutes = 100, Good statutes = 80, Basic statutes = 60, No specific statutes = 30

Decanting Flexibility

How easily can trust terms be modified through decanting? Broader decanting powers allow for greater flexibility to adapt to changing circumstances without court involvement.

Scoring Logic

Broad decanting powers, minimal court involvement = 100, Good powers with some limitations = 80, Moderate powers = 60, Limited or no decanting statute = 30

Personalized Weighting

When you use our comparison tool, your answers adjust how much weight each criterion receives in the final calculation:

  • Dynasty/Multigenerational goals boost the Dynasty Duration and Decanting scores
  • Asset protection goals boost the Asset Protection and Directed Trust scores
  • Tax minimization goals significantly boost the State Income Tax score
  • Privacy goals boost Directed Trust and Decanting scores
  • Flexibility goals boost Decanting and Directed Trust scores

The flexibility importance you select also affects weighting. "Critical" flexibility further boosts decanting-related scores, while "Low" flexibility boosts dynasty duration.

Data Sources

All data is sourced from official state statutes:

We cite specific statute numbers for every claim. Each data point includes a "last verified" date indicating when we confirmed the information against current statutes.

Update Process

We maintain our data through:

  • Legislative session tracking: We monitor each state's legislative session for trust-related bills
  • Post-session review: Within 30 days of session end, we review enacted legislation and update affected data
  • Annual full audit: Complete re-verification of all data points regardless of legislative changes

View our changelog for a history of updates.

2026 Estate Tax Exemption Sunset

The federal estate and gift tax exemption is currently $13.61 million per person (2024). Under current law, this exemption will drop to approximately $7 million on January 1, 2026, unless Congress extends it.

This potential change affects the urgency of dynasty trust planning. Individuals with estates above the reduced exemption may want to establish and fund dynasty trusts before the sunset to maximize wealth transfer.

We include this context in our results because timing is an important consideration for trust planning, separate from jurisdiction selection.

What We've Learned (Opinionated Observations)

On "Perpetual" Trusts

"Perpetual" sounds impressive, but no one knows if it works. The oldest dynasty trust with perpetual provisions is maybe 30 years old. Whether these actually last 500+ years without courts intervening remains untested. For practical purposes, anything over 360 years is probably functionally equivalent.

On Asset Protection

Asset protection is the most oversold feature in trust marketing. The reality: if you're sued and a court finds you transferred assets to defraud creditors, most protections fail—regardless of what the state statute says. These provisions work best against hypothetical future creditors, not existing ones. Plan accordingly.

On Delaware's Reputation

Delaware has the best trust attorneys in the country and the most sophisticated case law. But for a typical dynasty trust? It's overkill. You're paying for legal infrastructure you probably won't need. Plus, the income tax treatment has trapped more than a few unsuspecting grantors when a beneficiary moved there.

On Fees

Nobody talks about this, but institutional trustee fees range from $15,000 to $50,000+ annually. If your trust is under $3 million, fees will eat 0.5-1.5% of your assets every year before investment returns. For smaller trusts, a lower-cost jurisdiction like Wyoming might make more sense than the "best" jurisdiction on paper.

On Attorney Recommendations

Most attorneys recommend the jurisdiction they know best. This isn't corruption—it's practical. An attorney who's drafted 200 South Dakota trusts will serve you better than one learning Nevada on your dime. If your attorney has strong preferences, listen to them. Expertise matters more than marginal statutory differences.

What This Tool Can't Do

We don't cover:

  • Federal taxes — Talk to your CPA/tax attorney
  • Conflict of laws — Complex and state-specific
  • Trust drafting — That's what attorneys do
  • Investment advice — Outside our lane
  • Offshore trusts — Different animal entirely
  • Trustee selection — We compare states, not companies
  • Litigation history — Would require actual legal research

This tool narrows your options. It does not—and cannot—replace professional advice from people who understand your complete situation.

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